Cosmos, Earth, man-made chemicals connection

A link between the Sun, cosmic rays, aerosols, and liquid-water clouds appears to exist on a global scale…

4 08 2009
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/08/04/a-li...a-global-scale/


Svensmark has a new paper and it is a doozy: Cosmic ray decreases affect atmospheric aerosols and clouds (full text PDF).

The major conclusion: “A link between the Sun, cosmic rays, aerosols, and liquid-water clouds appears to exist on a global scale…”

This paper confirms 13 years of discoveries that suggest a key role for cosmic rays in climate change. It links observable variations in the world’s cloudiness to laboratory experiments in Copenhagen showing how cosmic rays help generate atmospheric aerosols.

This is important, because it confirms the existence of a sun-earth atmospheric modulation mechanism for clouds and aerosols. It is seen in an event called a Forbush Decrease, which A Forbush decrease is a rapid decrease in the observed galactic cosmic raycoronal mass ejection (CME). It occurs due to the magnetic field of the plasma solar wind sweeping some of the galactic cosmic rays away from Earth. Here is what the Oulu Neutron Monitor plot looked like during such and event on May15th, 2005:



When the CME hit Earth, the magnetic field of the CME deflects the Galactic Cosmic Rays and the secondary particle flux (Neutrons) decreases. In this graph there is also another Forbush decrease visible, which was caused by another, not that powerful flare, which CME passed Earth a few days before this event.

See more from CosmicRays.org Now at last, a linkage has been established on earth showing such events affect cloud cover and aerosols. Luboš Motl gives a good summary ina post from a few days ago, shown below.


Forbush decreases confirm cosmoclimatology

By Luboš Motl

Recall that cosmoclimatology of Henrik Svensmark and others postulates that the galactic cosmic rays are able to create “seeds” of low-lying clouds that may cool the Earth’s surface. A higher number of cosmic rays can therefore decrease the temperature. The creation of the cloud nuclei is caused by ionization and resembles the processes in a cloud chamber.

The fluctuations of the cosmic ray flux may occur due to the variable galactic environment as well as the solar activity: a more active Sun protects us from a part of the cosmic rays. It means that a more active Sun decreases the amounts of low-lying clouds, which means that it warms the Earth.

Because the low-lying clouds remove 30 Watts per squared meter in average (over time and the Earth) or so, one has to be very careful not only about the very existence of the clouds but also about the variations of cloudiness by 5% or so which translates to a degree of temperature change.

A systematic effect on the clouds – e.g. one of the cosmic origin – is a nightmare for the champions of the silly CO2 toy model of climatology because the cloud variations easily beat any effect of CO2. Two alarmists, Sloan and Wolfendale, wanted to rule out Svensmark’s theory by looking at the Forbush decreases, specific events of a solar origin named after Scott Forbush who studied them 6 decades ago, involving the plasma. However, their paper was incorrect.

In April 2008, this blog (The Reference Frame) published the following relevant article:

Sun-climate link: a reply to Sloan and Wolfendale.

Sloan and Wolfendale complained that no cosmoclimatological signal could have been seen during the Forbush decreases, i.e. short episodes when the activity of our beloved star decreases the amount of cosmic rays reaching Earth. However, Nir Shaviv explained that it should be expected that such a signal is not seen in the averaged monthly data they had used.

In order to see the “tiger in the jungle”, using Svensmark’s words from a press release

Cosmic meddling with the clouds by seven-day magic

that will be published tomorrow (I am allowed to read it now because my uncle lives in Melbourne which already has August), and in order to separate these clean effects from the huge meteorological noise, one needs to increase the temporal resolution to several days and also cover the whole globe to dilute the effects of local weather.

Newest paper

Tomorrow, on August 1st, 2009, Geophysical Research Letters will publish a new paper by Henrik Svensmark, Torsten Bondo, and Jacob Svensmark:

The People’s Voice (summary of the paper)
Cosmic ray decreases affect atmospheric aerosols and clouds (full text).

When you click the second link above and obtain an error message, press alt/d and enter to reload the URL: without a direct external link, the PDF file will be displayed correctly. Or open the Google cache as PDF-like HTML.

Svensmark and his collaborators have looked at 26 Forbush events since 1987 (those that were strong according to their impact on the spectrum seen in the low troposphere where it matters): most of them occur close to the solar maxima (in the middle of the 11-year cycles). The observations with a much better temporal resolution imply that the mass of water stored in clouds decreases by 4-7%, with the minimum reached after a nearly 1-week delay needed for the cloud nuclei to get mature. Roughly three billions of tons of water droplets suddenly disappear from the atmosphere (they remain there as vapor, which is more likely to warm the air than to cool it down).

An independent set of measurements has also shown that the amount of aerosols, i.e. potential nuclei of the new clouds, also decreases. All these “strength vs decrease” graphs display a lot of noise but the negative slopes are almost always significant at the 95% level (with one dataset being an exception, at 92%, which is still higher than the official IPCC confidence level that climate change is mostly man-made).

Each Forbush decrease can therefore warm up the Earth by the same temperature change as the effect of all carbon dioxide emitted by the mankind since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. While you might think that such an effect is temporary and lasts a few weeks only, it is important to notice that similar variations in the solar activity, the solar magnetic field, and the galactic cosmic rays take place at many different conceivable frequencies, so there are almost certainly many effects whose impact on the temperature – through the clouds – is at least equal to the whole effect of man-made carbon dioxide.

Cancer protection protocol

Cancer Protection Protocol

http://www.healthyprotocols.com/2_cancer.htm

“Just by decreasing a cell’s oxygen content by about one-third, cancer is automatically induced. Nothing more is required for cancer to develop.” Doctor Otto Warburg 1924



"When President Ronald Reagan got cancer during his presidency, the great German doctor Hans Nieper, M.D, treated him. It would have been front page news if it hadn’t been hushed up at the time. You’d think that a fever of 105 to 107 degrees Fahrenheit would be bad for cancer patients, right? Wrong! Surprisingly, cancer can’t take the heat. But your body’s healthy cells can handle a temporary fever just fine. Fever is one of the tools your immune system uses to kill disease." German Cancer Breakthrough, Note Reagan was treated in Germany hey nothing but the best for kings and presidents!

“Cancer cells with a high omega 6/omega 3 ratio continue to grow whereas cancer cells expressing high omega 3 characteristics undergo cell death. Clearly the need to balance the omega 3 to omega 6 ratio is indicated for the prevention and during the treatment of cancer” Life Extension, Note here it is folks, here it is, oxygen is getting into those dying cancer cells

"It appears that obesity is not the only thing controlled by the information in our food. So are stress response, mood, behavior. memory and brain function. That is why a fresh, whole food, organic, real-food diet is the foundation of health." Doctor Mark Hyman

“Major epidemics and outbreaks are ALWAYS linked to major sociopolitical upheaval. Today our cancer and AIDS pandemics, our explosive diabetes and heart disease rates, obesity and even Avian Flu frights are all man made, politically contrived and financially sustained. These are social political impositions NOT nature’s curses.” Doctor Leonard Horowitz

“But how long cancer prevention will be avoided depends on how long the prophets of agnosticism will succeed in inhibiting the application of scientific knowledge in the cancer field. In the meantime, millions of men and women must die of cancer unnecessarily.” Doctor Otto Warburg 1966

“Let your food be your medicine, and your medicine be your food” – Hippocrates

"Be your own doctor most of the time." Doctor Bob Martin

"Food is the fastest-acting and most powerful medicine you can take to change your life." Doctor Mark Hyman MD

“The results this June bowled over long-term medical researchers. Women who took 1000 IU of vitamin D3 daily had 60 per cent less breast, lung and colon cancer at the end of the trial than women who took the dummy pill. And when she dropped the cases discovered in the first year, assuming those cancers had been present but unnoticed when the trial began, the reduction in cancer in her vitamin D group was an astonishing 77 per cent.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2007

“There is now a mountain of evidence linking vitamin D deficiency with cancer risk and mortality, autoimmune diseases, hypertension and schizophrenia.” Michael Holick PhD MD Vitamin D Expert

“The majority of cancer deaths in the US are UVB sensitive cancers. These results provide nearly direct evidence that solar UVB irradiance reduces the risk of many internal cancers. The likely mechanism is production of Vitamin D. About 200,000 cancer deaths per year in the US could be prevented by adequate vitamin D levels.” Doctor William Grant Vitamin D Expert

“Women with the lowest vitamin D levels had five times higher risk for breast cancer.” Eur J Cancer. 2005 May;41(8):1164-9. Epub 2005 Apr 14

“Cancer cells with a high omega 6 EFA/omega 3 EFA ratio continue to grow whereas cancer cells expressing high omega 3 characteristics undergo cell death. Clearly the need to balance the omega 3 to omega 6 ratio is indicated for the prevention and during the treatment of cancer” Life Extension, Note here it is folks, here it is, oxygen is getting into those dying cancer cells.

“Saturated fats and animal fats are usually blamed for all manner of diseases in Western society. But look at the facts: In the 19th-century, when animal fats were all that was available, cancers were rare (as was heart disease). In this last century there has been a change in favor of vegetable polyunsaturated fats and oils — and cancer rates have soared.” Polyunsaturated Oils Increase Cancer Risk, Note think long and hard on this one it's 75% of our deaths

“A study of more than 1,800 women in Mexico found that those who got 57 percent or more of their total energy intake from refined carbohydrates had a 220 percent higher risk of breast cancer than women who ate more balanced diets.” Cancer Epidemiology Journal

“Several epidemiological investigations have demonstrated that a diet rich in carotenoids could prevent the development of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the digestive tract.” Life Extension, Note cooked carrots

“A large 7-year study included 240,073 pre- and post-menopausal women focuses on this. After adjusting for other risk factors, women who used estrogen for 6 to 8 years had a 40% higher risk of deadly ovarian tumors, while women who used estrogen drugs for 11 or more years had a startling 70% higher risk of dying from cancer of the ovaries.” Doctor Michael Lam MD

“Tocotrienols elicit powerful anticancer properties and studies have confirmed tocotrienols activity is much stronger then that of tocopherols.” Schwenke et al

“Decreases in DHEA levels has been linked to a number of chronic and degenerative diseases including cancer, coronary artery disease, depression, stress disorders and neurological dysfunctioning.” Straub et al

“A curcumin-isoflavonoid combination suppressed the growth of estrogen receptor positive cancer cells up to 95%.” Verma et al 1998, Note this is breast and possibly prostate among others

“Over 80% of Americans consume inadequate amounts of essential fatty acids, especially Omega 3 EFA. Physicians report that this scarcity is contributing to epidemic proportions of degenerative diseases including cancer.” Murray and Pizzorno

“Scientists were first alerted to the many benefits of fish oils in the early 1970s when Danish physicians observed that Greenland Eskimos had an exceptionally low incidence of heart disease and arthritis despite the fact that they consumed a high-fat diet. Intensive research soon discovered that two of the fats (oils) they consumed in large quantities, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), were actually highly beneficial. More recent research has established that fish oils (EPA and DHA) play a crucial role in the prevention of atherosclerosis, heart attack, depression, and cancer. Clinical trials have shown that fish oil supplementation is effective in the treatment of many disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and Reynaud’s disease.” Fish and Fish Oil

“Medical radiation is a highly important cause (probably the principal cause) of cancer mortality in the United States during the Twentieth Century. Medical radiation means, primarily, exposure by xrays (including fluoroscopy and CT scans). Medical radiation, received even at very low and moderate doses, is an important cause of death from Ischemic Heart Disease; the probable mechanism is radiation-induction of mutations in the coronary arteries, resulting in dysfunctional clones (mini-tumors) of smooth muscle cells.” Radiation from Medical Procedure in the Pathogenesis of Cancer and Ischemic Heart Disease, Note this means NO, NONE not at the doctors not at the dentist not at the airport unless the risk/reward is shown to favor the radiation. Make the doc give you the hard numbers

“Drugs like Coumadin that antagonize vitamin K do more than cause bone loss and arterial calcification. In a model of melanoma in mice, the oral administration of anticoagulant drugs that antagonize vitamin K drastically promoted cancer metastasis.” Life Extension

"Doctor Thomas Rau, medical director of the world-renowned Paracelsus Clinic in Switzerland, says he is convinced ‘electromagnetic loads’ lead to cancer, concentration problems, ADD, tinnitus, migraines, insomnia, arrhythmia, Parkinson’s and even back pain." Doctor Joseph Mercola

"The study found that isothiocyanates, a second chemical found in broccoli, can favorably modify genes. In other words, it might turn off genes that create cancer, and turn on genes that inhibit the disease. The authors said that you will likely see similar benefit from other cruciferous vegetables that contain isothiocyanates. These include Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, cabbage, rocket or arugula, watercress, and horse radish. The goal of cancer management is prevention. I am 100% convinced that we can accomplish our goals to dramatically reduce cancer suffering by proper diet and reduction in toxins. And broccoli plays a major role in reaching that goal." Doctor Robert Jay Rowen

“Vitamin D may be the single most important chemotherapy agent ever uncovered. For any serious chronic degenerative disease if you have not looked at, monitored and optimized your vitamin D levels you are missing a major part of the successful resolution of your health challenge.” Doctor Joseph Mercola, Note this is 25 years of clinical experience talking

"Inorganic phosphorus added by food manufactures to processed foods such as meats, cheese, beverages and baked goods to improve texture and water retention have shown increasing lung tumor progression in the mouse model. Careful regulation of dietary phosphate may be critical for lung cancer prevention as well as it's treatment." Life Extension

"Broccoli has recently entered the public awareness as a preventive dietary agent. This study supports the emerging evidence that broccoli sprouts may be able to prevent cancer in humans, not just in lab animals." Jed Fahey, ScD, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.

"Curcumin has been avidly studied in recent years due to it's apparent ability to suppress cancer at various stages among numerous other beneficial activities, including anti-inflammatory activity." Doctor Michael Ozner MD

"If there is insufficient unprocessed parent omega-6, experiment shows that the cholesterol structure will incorporate oleic acid (nonessential omega-9) instead. Physical-chemical experiments show that linoleic acid (parent omega-6) can bind twice as much oxygen and disassociates at a much higher pressure, much closer to hemoglobin, than oleic acid does. Oxygen disassociation curves for oleic acid compared with linoleic acid, omega-6, show a 50% reduction in oxygen transfer, given EFA deficiency. With insufficient functional parent omega-6, you will easily surpass the 35% cancer-causing threshold!" Brian Peskin PhD, Note parent omega 6 is unprocessed food high in omega 6

"All members of the two most popular classes of lipid-lowering drugs (the fibrates and the statins) cause cancer in rodents, in some cases at levels of animal exposure close to those prescribed in humans.” Do we care about animal studies? Yes. Rodents need and metabolize EFAs in the same manner that humans do. No one should require these cancer-causing, cholesterol lowing drugs once their EFA deficiency is solved." Brian Peskin PhD on the work of Doctors Thomas B. Newman and Stephen B. Hulley, JAMA, vol. 275, pages 55-60, 1996

"Health practitioners often suggest you use no additional parent omega-6 and that instead you use supplements exclusively with parent omega-3. This is incorrect because the omega-6 we do consume in our foods is highly processed, harmful and often loaded with cancer-causing transfats. You need the additional pure parent omega-6 to compensate for this. Because the parent EFAs are so much more effective than EFA derivatives, you need a much lower total quantity than other formulations." Brian Peskin PhD, Note parent omega 6 is unprocessed food high in omega 6

"Get enough copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc, in a “truly chelated” bioavailable form. These are the minerals that Dr. Warburg would use because they influence and maximize the respiratory (co)enzymes for maximum oxygen transfer to occur. They help EFAs do their job. Make sure they are in bioavailable form (truly chelated meaning chemically bonded to an amino acid) or they won’t be maximally effective." Brian Peskin PhD

"Make certain you eat sufficient animal-based protein from organic or natural, free-range sources free of antibiotics, pesticides, and hormones each day. Organic eggs and cheese (cottage cheese, sour cream, etc. included) are great sources of protein. “Raw” milk and cream are excellent sources, too. Avoid all “low-fat” varieties. Eat a minimum of 8 oz. a day for a 150 lb. person. My research with clients around the world makes clear that animal-based protein should be your number one anticancer food choice after the EFA-containing oils." Brian Peskin PhD

"For cancer, insulin is like pouring gasoline on a fire." Pamela Goodwin, director Marvelle Koffler Breast Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Note insulin is required when you eat carbs

"Intriguing compounds found in familiar fruits, vegetables, and spices help fight harmful inflammation. And, in doing that, these phytochemicals the resveratrol in red wine or the catechins in green, white, and black teas, for instance-may also reduce our risk of diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes." Life Extension

"If there is a deficiency of fully functional LA in the diet, the body will substitute into cell membranes a nonessential fatty acid, such as oleic acid (omega-9) found in olive oil. This forced substitution results in a marked decrease of cellular oxygen transport with adverse effects on cellular metabolism and function, including possible chronic hypoxia in the heart leading to potential myocardial dysfunction." Brian Peskin PhD, Note LA is omega 6 EFA. This is a big part of the cancer and sudden heart death problems IMO

"LDL-C, the transport vehicle for PEFA delivery into the cell, will transport any kind of LA—defective or not—into cells, including oxidized or trans entities. So, while statins do reduce the amount of LDL-C, thereby automatically reducing the amount of nonfunctional parent omega-6 from processed food that reaches cell membranes, they simultaneously lower the transport of vital oxygenating functional PEFAs into cells. In fact, over a 24-week period in which patients were given 40 mg daily of simvastatin, mean serum omega-3 levels dropped 34%, and omega-6 levels dropped 28%; both highly significant amounts." Brian Peskin PhD, Note PEFA is parent EFA the unprocessed whole food source of EFA, Note these losses border on cancer causing; the defective LA will also build less functional endothelial cells more vulnerable injury and plaque initiation

"Men with stronger muscles from regular weight training are up to 40 percent less likely to die from cancer, according to new research. The results of this study -- that men who regularly work out with weights and have high muscle strength can reduce their risk of cancer by 30-40 percent -- should provide major motivation for any of you still on the fence about adding strength training to your exercise routine. " Doctor Joseph Mercola MD Muscular Strength and Adiposity as Predictors of Adulthood Cancer Mortality in Men



For more Cancer Research (See Cancer Protection Protocol Research Section)



WHO gets Cancer?

When Europeans first encountered the Inuit peoples of North America and Greenland they noticed no apparent cancer among them. Doctor George B. Leavitt a physician who worked with the Inuit searched for cancer among them from 1885 to 1907. His office saw 100,000s of Inuit over this period. They did not find a single case of cancer among the Inuit who lived completely apart from modern ways. Many other hunter gather societies were also known to be entirely free of cancer. The medical literature of the 19th and early 20th century’s swarms with references to this commonly observed epidemiological FACT. Why has this widely observed fact that MANY primitive peoples were entirely cancer free been conveniently forgotten?

Folks we are being had; cancer is as avoidable as understanding why these primitive cultures NEVER GOT CANCER. IMO modern cancer is just another population control method. This in no way condemns the thousands of caring honest people working in the cancer field. The problem is right up at the top. Still it would not hurt for some oncologists to speak up. I am sure many have.

As you will have noted if you read the research paragraphs above there are literally hundreds of things you can do to improve the odds of NEVER HAVING CANCER PROBLEMS. It may at first seem overwhelming to imagine including all these salubrious habits, foods and supplements in your life. Just take it one simple step at a time. Start anywhere you wish, say exercise; you intuitively know lack of exercise is bad for your health but as you read the research and view the lack of exercise’s ties to hundreds of KNOWN health problems your resolve to exercise will be strengthened. Exercise will tie in hundreds of steps which logically follow your strengthening decision to exercise.

Since our chance of dying from cancer is great the web of actions required to avoid it is also great. The good part is in avoiding cancer you will also be avoiding MANY other potential health problems in large part; when you address these problems individually you will find much of the work you must do to avoid these problems has already been done.



The Cancer problem was solved by Doctor Otto Warburg in 1924

“Just by decreasing a cell’s oxygen content by about one-third, cancer is automatically induced. Nothing more is required for cancer to develop.” Doctor Otto Warburg 1924, Note there it is, these few simple elegant words are all that is required to begin your quest for a cancer free life

“Clumping together of red blood cells is a sign of the absorption of undigested protein. In normal blood, the red cells should be round, freely movable, and unattached. That way they can make their way through the blood vessels and accomplish their number one job, which you will remember is to carry oxygen to all the cells of the body. But the accumulation of undigested protein in the blood makes these red blood cells stick together, like stacks of coins, or like globs of motor oil. Once it gets like this, the blood tends to stay aggregated. Imagine the difficulty, then, for the blood to circulate in such a glopped-up condition. The smallest blood vessels, through which the blood has to pass each time around, are the capillaries. But unfortunately, the diameter of a capillary is only the same as one of the red blood cells - they're supposed to circulate in single file. So what happens in a body whose red cells are all stuck together for a few years? It's not rocket science: the tissues of the body become oxygen deprived and are forced to stew in their own wastes. Are we talking about cancer yet? We sure are. Nobel laureate Doctor Otto Warburg discovered in the 1920s what all researchers now know: most cancers cannot exist well in an oxygen-rich environment. Why is it that people don't die of cancer of the heart? Just doesn't happen. Why not? Because that's where the most highly oxygenated blood is, and cancer doesn't like oxygen.” The Doctor Within

“Acetaldehyde a product of fermented sugar binds to the walls of red blood cells like molecular glue making them less flexible and therefore less able to get into and through the capillaries. That leads to starvation and oxygen deprivation in the tissues.” Robert O. Young PhD

In 1924 Nobel laureate Doctor Otto Warburg unlocked the secret to preventing most cancer. Warburg demonstrated beyond doubt that cancer cannot live in an oxygen rich environment, which is the NORMAL condition of a healthy human body.

This is a powerful message. Your cancer risk is largely in YOUR hands. Almost ALL your Cancer risk can be removed with a little knowledge and discipline on your part. We have to assure a good supply of oxygen gets to every part of our body. There are about 100 trillion cells in your body. No cell in your soft body parts is further than 1/500 of an inch from one of your micro arteries.

Oxygen is delivered throughout your body by your red blood cells. To do their job your red blood cells need six main things.

1) Iron: Iron (See Iron Protocol) and copper (See Copper Protocol) are required to bind oxygen to the red blood cell. Please note too much free iron can promote cancer and too much copper can exclude iron. You must balance the two and chelate free iron.

2) Omega 3 EFA: Omega 3 EFA is required to give your red blood cell suppleness. The red blood cell must squeeze thru micro arteries in the last part of its journey to deliver its oxygen to an individual cell. This micro artery has a diameter that is less than the diameter of the red blood cell. If you do not feed your body enough omega 3 EFA your body will be forced to use another fat to build your red blood cell membrane. This may result in not enough of your red blood cells reaching some of their targeted cells.

3) Omega 6 EFA: Omega 6 EFA (See Omega 6 EFA Protocol) is required by your red blood cells to attract oxygen into the red blood cell. Most people have an excess of omega 6 EFAs but it’s an adulterated processed omega 6 from processed polyunsaturated vegetable oils (See Polyunsaturated Oils Protocol), processed foods, processed fast food (See Fast Food Protocol) and other processed junk food. Thus less oxygen will be delivered to your cells. You need to eliminate the contaminated omega 6s and get good undenatured omega 6s in an amount about equal to your good omega 3s.

4) The blood: The blood delivering the red blood cells to all your body’s cells must not contain foreign protein debris, excess fibers and fibrinogen, thrombi and other impediments which can prevent it from reaching those cells.

5) Cell Respiratory Enzymes: “Cell respiration is impaired if the active groups of the respiratory enzymes are not present; cell respiration is repaired at once, if these groups are present.” Doctor Otto Warburg Enzymes (See Enzyme Protocol) are an important part of your life You MUST become aware of this.
6) Cell walls: Every one of your 100 trillion body cells must have a cell wall constructed of good omega 3 and omega 6 EFAs, cholesterol and saturated fats to ensure the proper transfer of oxygen from the red blood cells into the cell. The denatured processed omega 6, mostly in the form of processed polyunsaturated vegetable oil (See Polyunsaturated Oil Protocol) often found in today's cell wall is proven to exclude oxygen from the cell.

Cell respiration requires the following co-enzymatic metals
Copper
Iron
Magnesium (See Magnesium Protocol)
Manganese (See Manganese Protocol)
Selenium (See Selenium Protocol)
Zinc (See Zinc Protocol)

We know these things about Cancer

O Cancer Basics: In 1900 only 3% of the people in the USA died of Cancer; today it’s about 25%. Most Cancer takes decades to become fatal. Most Cancer is highly vulnerable to attack by a healthy body. Your healthy body has many DOZENS of ways to kill and eliminate cancer cells which are newly created every hour in your healthy body. Your body has dealt with cancer for millions of years. Cancer is genetically recessive, not dominant. There is no gene for Cancer. The medical community has ignored Doctor Otto Warburg’s discovery of the cause of cancer. The insane increase in cancer deaths over the last one hundred years is the result of our change in eating, lifestyle and government. Cancer is IMO largely a “political”, lifestyle and population control problem.

O Cancer History: When Europeans first encountered the Inuit peoples of North America and Greenland they noticed no apparent cancer among them. Many other hunter gathers were also known to be entirely free of cancer. The introduction of cheap processed polyunsaturated vegetable oils after WWI corresponds with the rise of cancer in this and other countries. Many clinical and other scientific studies confirm that polyunsaturated vegetable oils promote the growth of cancer.

O Cheap processed Polyunsaturated Vegetable oils are a prime candidate to eliminate from your diet if you fear cancer; do it even if you do not fear anything.

Fruits and vegetables decrese the risk of breast cancer

(NaturalNews) Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables drastically reduces the risk of ever getting breast cancer and of having a recurrence. Scientists at the University of Hong Kong have just released more research findings adding to the growing pile of evidence that selections from the produce section are the best bet for keeping away this dreaded disease.

The association between vegetable and fruit intake and breast cancer risk was evaluated using a hospital-based, case-controlled study. Four hundred and thirty-eight breast cancer cases were matched with an equal number of controls by age and place of residency. Their dietary intake was assessed by face-to-face interviews using a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistical regression was used to estimate odds ratios.

Total vegetable and fruit intake was found to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. The odds ratios of the highest quartile relative to the lowest quartile of total vegetable and fruit intake were 0.28 and 0.53 respectively. This means that those eating the lowest amounts had a 47% increased risk of breast cancer. Consumption of individual vegetable and fruit groups such as dark green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, carrots, tomatoes, bananas, melons (watermelon, papaya, and cantaloupe) was inversely and significantly related to breast cancer risk. An inverse association was also observed for vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and fiber intake. (International Journal of Cancer, July)

Fruits and vegetables modulate the cell cycle to safeguard health

People were created to eat fruits and vegetables. Several systems in the body depend on constituents from nature's garden for proper functioning. One of these is the cell cycle that regulates the growth and maintenance of all living things. During the cell cycle, chromosomes are duplicated, and one copy of each duplicated chromosome is transferred from the mother cell to the daughter cell. Proper regulation of this cycle is critical for the normal development and maintenance of health in multi-cellular organisms. If the cell cycle is not working as it should, cancer and other degenerative diseases may be the result.

The successful reproduction of new cells depends on two critical processes, the replication of DNA, and mitosis (the nuclear division of the daughter cell from the mother cell). Compounds from fruits and vegetables stand guard over this process and assure successful completion. (Frontiers in Bioscience, January, 2008)

In a world in which more and more genotoxins are constantly bombarding people, a greater intake of fruits and vegetables is necessary to modulate the effects of deregulation at cell cycle checkpoints and keep the cycle running smoothly creating new cells that are healthy. Up to ten servings of fruits and vegetables each day are now recommended by some health gurus.

Fruits and vegetables can reduce breast cancer recurrence by 40 percent

Scientists from the University of California examined the relationship between plasma carotenoid concentration as a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake and the risk for a new breast cancer event in 1,550 women previously treated for early stage breast cancer. After 5 years of follow-up, those women with the highest plasma carotenoid concentrations had a 40% reduced risk for breast cancer recurrence. (Journal of Clinical Oncology, September, 2005).

Carotenoids are natural fat-soluble pigments found in certain plants. They provide the bright red, orange, yellow, blue and purple colorations found in the vegetable kingdom. Famous members of this family include beta-carotene found in carrots, spinach, kale and cantaloupe; lycopene found in tomatoes, pink grapefruit, watermelon, papaya, and apricots; and lutein, found in dark green leafy vegetables and blueberries.

Since carotenoids need lipids to become bioactive in the body, salads full of these colorful vegetables should always be eaten with some type of fat. The liberal use of extra virgin olive oil on a salad is a great way to bring its carotenoids to life. Fruits and nuts is another tasty combination. The healthy fats found in the nuts will bring to life all the carotenoids in the fruits. Snacking on dried fruits and nuts satisfies the sweet tooth while loading up the body with carotenoids. For best digestion, eat the fruits first and then the nuts rather than eating them together.

Fruits and vegetables with the highest anti-cancer activity

Almost all fruits and vegetables have anti-cancer activity. The superstars of the research labs are garlic and onions, cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, kale, Brussels sprouts and greens), unbelliferous vegetables (carrots, celery, cilantro, parsley and parsnips), tomatoes, peppers, flax seeds, citrus, and soy. However, soy should never be eaten unless it is fermented in the traditional oriental manner and eaten as a small part of a mineral and protein rich meal.

Spirulina and chlorella are heavily pigmented microalgae. They are a nutrient rich vegetable food source rich in beta carotene and many other carotenoids, each with power to keep away breast cancer. They contain fatty acids to speed these carotenoids to work in the body.

Compounds from fruits and vegetables that have shown to help regulate the cell cycle include diindolymethane (DIM) from broccoli, apigenin from celery and parsley, curcumin from turmeric, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, resveratrol from red grapes and peanuts, genistein from soybeans, and silymarin from milk thistle. These are widely available as supplements.

For more information:
http://www.naturalnews.com/025810.html
http://www.naturalnews.com/024958_f...
http://www.naturalnews.com/025441_v...

BEWARE OF MERCURY ..!

- Awesome, that will fix a lot of health problems... not. What about all the diseases you put in the air. And vaccinations, shitty food etc ... Do something about that please.

U.S. reverses Bush policy, seeks mercury treaty
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29225387/

'Most important global chemical issue,' Obama official says at global talks

updated 5:45 p.m. ET Feb. 16, 2009

NAIROBI, Kenya - The new U.S. government abruptly reversed years of Bush administration policy Monday by calling for a legally binding international treaty to reduce mercury pollution, which a senior American diplomat called the most important chemical problem in the world today.

Some 6,000 tons of mercury enter the environment each year, about a third generated by power stations and coal fires. Much settles into the oceans where it enters the food chain and is concentrated in predatory fish like tuna.

Children and fetuses are particularly vulnerable to poisoning by the toxic metal, which can cause birth defects, brain damage and peeling skin.

Daniel Reifsnyder, the deputy assistant secretary of state for environment and sustainable development, told a gathering of global gathering of environmental ministers in Nairobi, Kenya, that the U.S. wants negotiations on limiting mercury to begin this year and conclude within three.

"We're prepared to help lead in developing a globally legally binding instrument," he said. "It is clear mercury is the most important global chemical issue facing us today that calls for immediate action."

The statement represented a "a 180-degree turnaround" from policy under the Bush administration, said Michael Bender, co-coordinator of the Zero Mercury Working Group, a global coalition of 75 environmental organizations working to reduce mercury exposure.

'Like night and day'
"The change is like night and day. The Bush administration opposed any international legal agreements on mercury and President (Barack) Obama is in office less than one month and is already supporting a global agreement," he said.

Bender said his group has had more discussions over mercury control in the past two weeks than they have in the last eight years and that the U.S. government included many of their ideas in the proposal they are presented in Nairobi.

Mercury is also widely used in chemical production and small-scale mining. The toxin can travel thousands of miles through the air or water.

America's Food and Drug Administration advises expectant mothers to limit weekly consumption to six ounces of albacore tuna or 12 ounces of "light" tuna, the health effects of which are still being scientifically debated. California authorities have been locked in a five year legal battle to force tuna companies to paste warning labels on their product about potentially harmful mercury levels.

Despite the warnings, there's often little public knowledge of the dangers of mercury in seafood. In the American state of Idaho, a food bank distributed as much as 96 ounces of fish in family food baskets last summer. That's 48 times more than a child weighing less than 30 pounds is advised to eat monthly, according to the Health and Welfare advisory.

There is even less awareness in developing countries, where small-scale miners use mercury to pan for gold and fishermen eat contaminated fish or sell it to chic sushi restaurants.

"Murky? Maki?" asked Peter Omoga, manager at a Japanese restaurant in the Kenyan capital, when asked about mercury levels by an Associated Press correspondent tucking into a sushi feast.

Half of emissions from coal plants
While substitutes exist for almost all industrial processes that require mercury, more than 50 percent of mercury emissions come from coal-fueled power plants, complicating efforts to regulate it in countries that rely on coal for power.

A U.S.-drafted proposal obtained by The Associated Press would form a negotiating committee in conjunction with the U.N. environment program to help countries reduce their mercury use, clean up contaminated sites and find environmentally sound ways to store mercury. The European Union has already banned mercury exports starting in 2011. The U.S. has a similar ban that will be effective 2013, legislation that was sponsored by Obama when he was a U.S. senator.

Advocacy groups that have been working on getting such a global pact passed welcomed the U.S. policy change, saying it could encourage other countries such as Canada to make a similar change. Bender said mercury levels in the world had increased two to three times over the past 200 years.

"Given that the United States has pushed the door of resistance in a sense, that will lead others to follow," said Susan Egan Keane of the Washington, D.C.-based Natural Resources Defense Council.

WHAT MODERN MEN WANT FROM WOMEN-up-dates!

By Sally Law, LiveScience's Science of Sex Columnist

posted: 13 February 2009


What do men want in a woman? Brains? Beauty? Vacuuming prowess?

Researchers at the University of Iowa find that men increasingly are interested in intelligent, educated women who are financially stable — and chastity isn't an issue.

The findings are part of a study, conducted every decade since 1939, which asks participants to rank a list of 18 characteristics they would want in a partner on a scale ranging from "irrelevant" to "essential." Included are such items as "sociability" and "good cook, housekeeper," as well as "mutual attraction and love," which came in first place for both men and women in 2008. (In 1939, it wasn't in the top three for either sex.)

Male and female participants in 2008 rounded out their top traits with "dependable character" and "emotional stability, maturity." Men ranked intelligence fourth, a big jump from 11th place in 1939; in addition, "good financial prospect" moved to 12th place in 2008, a shift from its low 17th-place ranking in 1939 and last-place ranking in 1967.

"This is a generation of men who has grown up with educated women as their mothers, teachers, doctors, and role models," said Christine Whelan, head of the study and author of "Marry Smart: The Intelligent Woman's Guide to True Love" (Simon & Schuster, 2008). "And in tough economic times, sharing the financial burden with a spouse takes the burden off these guys to be the sole provider."

The study's participants were college students from the University of Iowa, the University of Washington, the University of Virginia, and Penn State University.

"Like attracts like, so certainly the fact that we were polling college students would suggest that intelligence and education are going to be important characteristics," Whelan says.

Another notable shift involves the significance of chastity: In 1939, it was valued more than intelligence in women, but in 2008, it was ranked the least important characteristic. Furthermore, it also was ranked the least important for men. This, coupled with the shared top-three ranking for both men and women, suggests a commonality that seems positively modern-day.

Details of the study are below.

The Most Tragic Love Stories in History
Everyone Agrees: Women Are Hard to Read
The Science of Love
Details:

WHAT MEN WANT

Essential characteristics:

Mutual attraction and love
Dependable character
Emotional stability
Important characteristics:

Education and intelligence
Good looks
Ambition
Desirable characteristics:

Good financial prospect
Good cook and housekeeper
Unimportant characteristics:

Similar political background
Chastity
WHAT WOMEN WANT

Essential characteristics:

Mutual attraction and love
Dependable character
Emotional stability
Important characteristics:

Education and intelligence
Desire for home and children
Ambition
Desirable characteristics

Good looks
Refinement
Unimportant characteristics:

Similar political background
Chastity
Comments (15)
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v_o_r wrote:
Well, at least "dependable character" and "emotional stability" are close to the top. People don't think about "chastity" (it's not "celibacy," yeesh) as closely related to "dependable character" but the characteristics are so closely related as to be nearly indistinguishable. "Chastity" means you don't cheat.

"Mutual attraction and love" are transitory (I presume this refers to the in-love feeling). It's great when you have it but if you want a lasting relationship, it will have to be based on something else.

2 Recommend | Report Abuseposted 2/13/2009 12:23:31 PMpdxmusl wrote:
Actually, chastity does refer or is often used interchangably with celibacy. More specifically it refers to morality in sexual behavior.

5 Recommend | Report Abuseposted 2/13/2009 1:04:56 PMHotone wrote:
It would be nice to see a sample size and the selection process if any.

Personally, I find it illogical that a person interested in politics could handle a mate that is from the opposite side of the political spectrum. So many arguments can erupt from different political beliefs. Chastity should be more clearly defined. Most people now days probably don't care if their partner has experience but too much "experience" would definitely be undesirable.

7 Recommend | Report Abuseposted 2/13/2009 3:31:12 PMHierophant wrote:
Good looks being rated in merely the "desireable" category in the women's section is a lie. Women are more self-conscious about their desire for good looking mates than men are. They feel those things SHOULDN'T be somewhere at the top of the list. Sadly it's true for both genders, men are just more openly shallow about it. For either gender, if they don't like what they see, they aren't going to talk to you to find out the rest of it.

16 Recommend | Report Abuseposted 2/13/2009 4:19:41 PMDebiwinters wrote:
Did you see this photo for Valentine's Day of Al Capone?


2/13/2009 5:17:27 PMsharptoothuk wrote:
I would go along with what the male survey has said. I love energetic and positive women more than anything else. Good looks would be an added bonus. Women like this are in high demand though so you need to be on the top of your game too!

From personal experience, i find some women put more emphasis on looks than others but generally they are not as shallow as men. If you can make a woman laugh and are relaxed around her then you can get build attraction. I have seen many examples of more attractive women with average looking men.


1 Recommend | Report Abuseposted 2/13/2009 5:33:58 PMhwangeruk wrote:
Aren't people fussy. I am simply looking for large boobs and a willingness to perform oral sex.
I don't even care about the laundry.

18 Recommend | Report Abuseposted 2/13/2009 5:57:36 PMnovaseeker wrote:
Chastity as unimportant?

It's one of the main reasons why marriages break up. Having both men and women not value it in selecting mates is very telling. It means people are marrying people who are quite sexually prolific, which leads to divorces down the road.


3 Recommend | Report Abuseposted 2/13/2009 7:10:39 PMHierophant wrote:
I forget who said it, but this quote has always stuck with me:

"Every man wants a virgin who's a whore."

Hey, now we men can be as self-contradicting as you women are, imagine that. :D lol

1 Recommend | Report Abuseposted 2/14/2009 4:45:32 PMEye wrote:
hwangeruk - LOL - thats for a date, not someone you want to marry. I'ld really like to see this same survey done with married people and see what their results are, I bet it would change quite a bit.

1 Recommend | Report Abuseposted 2/14/2009 5:48:12 PM
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Everyone Agrees: Women Are Hard to Read
Body Language Reveals Wealth

Sunspots, earthquakes, life on earth

Sunspots: Second least active year since 1900 – Portends Cooling

31 Dec 08 – (Excerpts) “2008 Ends Spotless and with 266 Spotless Days, the #2 Least Active Year Since 1900, Portends Cooling, says meteorologist Joseph D’Aleo

http://www.iceagenow.com/Sunspots-Second_l...nds_Cooling.htm

“This will bring the total number of sunspotless days this month to 28 and for the year to 266, clearly enough to make 2008, the second least active solar year since 1900.

“The total number of spotless days this solar minimum is now at around 510 days since the last maximum. The earliest the minimum of the sunspot cycles can be is July 2008, which would make the cycle length 12 years 3 months, longest since cycle 9 in 1848. If the sun stays quiet for a few more months we will rival the early 1800s, the Dalton Minimum which fits with the 213 year cycle which begin with the solar minimum in the late 1790s.


“Looking ahead, put that together with the flip of the PDO in the Pacific to cold and you have alarming signals that this cooling of the last 7 years will continue and accelerate.”



See entire article: http://icecap.us/



Or see:

http://www.investors.com/editorial/editori...315533893763712

Thanks to Tom Weatherby for this link


30 Dec 08 - (Excerpts) Ask yourself this question: What makes our planet green?

If you guessed CO2, you're right. CO2 is to trees and foliage and all vegetation what oxygen is to humans — they can't survive without it. It's what makes them green and healthy.

The more CO2, the greener and healthy our planet. Yet the global warming fanatics are classifying CO2 as a pollutant and blaming it for dangerously warming our (fast cooling) planet.

How stupid do they think we are?

CO2 levels have skyrocketed since 2000, and guess what's happened?

It’s gotten colder, that's what happened.

Then there's the latest panic about the alleged plight of the polar bears. According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) polar bears face extinction — but not quite yet.

According to the WWF, "With 20-25,000 polar bears living in the wild, the species is not currently endangered, but its future is far from certain."

They go on to assure us that, "If current warming trends continue unabated, scientists believe that polar bears will be vulnerable to extinction within the next century."

To help stop that from happening, the WWF would like you to send it money.

Like all solemn pronouncements from the warmiacs, the predictions concerning polar bear extinction is based solely on computer models, not on what's happening now. Remember, the group said, “The species is not currently endangered.” And what's happening now is the swelling of the polar bear population, which grew from a low of 5,000 to 10,000 in the '50s and '60s, according to The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.

Moreover, a 2002 U.S. Geological Survey of wildlife in the Arctic Refuge Coastal Plain noted that the polar bear populations “may now be near historic highs."

Asks botanist David Bellamy, a famed U.K. environmental campaigner, former lecturer at Durham University, and host of a popular U.K. TV series on wildlife: “Why scare the families of the world with tales that polar bears are heading for extinction when there is good evidence that there are now twice as many of these iconic animals, most doing well in the Arctic than there were 20 years ago?”

If you want something real to worry about, try an eruption of the Yellowstone caldera where scientists have discovered that the ground is over 70 centimeters higher than in was in 1923 — indicating a massive swelling underneath the park.

There was a swarm of 16 earthquakes in 24 hours this past weekend. The reservoir is filling with magma at a staggering rate. The volcano erupts with a calendar-like cycle of every 600,000-650,000 years.

The last eruption was more than 640,000 years ago.

Last time it erupted, 642,000 years ago, it ejected 1,000 cubic kilometers of magma into the air. If this happened in today’s world, it would kill millions and cover most of the United States in a layer of ash at least a centimeter thick. The lighter ash would rise up into the atmosphere, initiating a volcanic winter and ruining crops worldwide.

This is something genuine Al Gore could get really his teeth on. Instead of recommending carbon caps, he could suggest sacrificing a few virgins to the god Vulcan. It would be cheaper than cap and trade.

See entire article:
http://www.newsmax.com/brennan/Arctic_Warm.../30/166465.html

Thanks to Rick Fulton for this link

See more info on Yellowstone:
www.armageddononline.org/yellowstone_caldera.php

Mosquitos music

Thursday, 8 January 2009

Mosquitoes make sweet love music
By James Morgan
Science reporter, BBC News

http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/scie...ure/7814404.stm

Amorous mosquitoes "sing" a mating duet by beating their wings together in harmony, US scientists have discovered.

They eavesdropped on a male Aedes aegypti mosquito pursuing a female in mating flight, and recorded the couple's courtship "love song".

The insects spread diseases like yellow fever and dengue, so scientists are seeking ways to control their numbers.

Understanding their mating habits could open up new avenues, says a team from Cornell University, writing in Science.

The familiar buzz of a flying female mosquito may be irritating to humans, but for her male counterpart, it is an irresistible mating signal.

Males and females each have their own characteristic flight tone - which they create by beating their wings.

But when scientists from Cornell University listened in on a male Aedes aegypti pursuing his mate, they were surprised to hear a new kind of "music" playing.

Fever pitch

The amorous couple began to beat their wings together at a matching frequency - 1,200 hertz.

This love song is a "harmonic", or multiple, of their individual frequencies - 400 Hz for the female and 600 Hz for the male.

What's more, the high pitch hum exceeds the previously known upper limit for hearing in mosquitoes.

It was thought that females may even be deaf. But the Cornell scientists were able to show that their hearing range extends to 2,000 Hz.

These discoveries may inspire new ideas for interfering with the mating process of both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae , which carries malaria.

"This opens up a whole new world for mosquito control," says Laura Harrington, associate professor of medical entomology, at Cornell University, a co-author on the paper.

"For decades we have lacked new tools for the control of mosquito vectors.

"Malaria cases are at an all time high and emerging infections, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever, are increasing at an alarming rate.

"New strategies will only come with a clear understanding of mosquito behaviour - a topic that has been neglected by scientists."

Traditionally, mosquitoes which carry malaria and dengue are kept in check by spraying insecticides, with limited success.

Firing blanks

A drive is now on to develop more sophisticated control strategies - which may involve "breeding out" the mosquitoes.

By creating sterile males, and releasing them into the wild, females can be tricked into mating with a partner who will bear them no offspring.

If enough of these sterile insects are released over a long enough period, then in theory, the target population would decline.

Another strategy is to release mosquitoes which have been genetically engineered so that they cannot transmit dengue virus.

"The big obstacle," says Professor Harrington, "is that females can tell if a male has been altered.

"Oh, they know. Believe me, they know .

"We see the female kicking out at the altered male, and after a while, he loses interest.

"So we're trying to discover what makes a male more attractive. It's a mystery. It could be his odour, or his bright black and white markings.

"But we think females are assessing the fitness of males based on how well they can sing."

Simply irresistible

She hopes in future to breed transgenic males that are "better singers".

These mellifluous males would be nigh-on-irresistible to females, who would mate with them "even though it's not in their best interests".

The partnership would yield offspring which are either inviable, or unable to transmit dengue virus.

"If we can interrupt mating and reproduction, we have a very strong tool for mosquito control," says Professor Harrington.

"If you eliminate the vector, you eliminate the disease. It seems simple but we really haven't had anything since DDT that's been useful in controlling the mosquito."

But these new genetic strategies will still present many major obstacles - not least, the massive scale of rearing required.

An alternative plan, could be to use "acoustic interference" - playing audio frequencies which confuse the mosquitoes, or discourage them from mating.

"This opens up a whole new area for us to explore," says Professor Harrington.

"Very little is known about mosquito mating behaviour - especially in males - it has largely been ignored.

"Perhaps that's because it happens so quickly.

"It's all over in about 10 seconds."

Solar situation

Final sunspot counts for the year 2008 are now available and the numbers are very low. The sun was utterly blank--that is, it had no sunspots whatsoever--on 266 days last year. That makes 2008 a century-class year in terms of low sunspot numbers. To find a year with more blank suns, you have to go all the way back to 1913, which had 311 spotless days.

A solar wind stream could reach Earth on Jan. 8th or 9th. Expect extreme cold and UV !

Looking into the future!

Breakthroughs That Will Change Everything


By LiveScience Staff

posted: 01 January 2009 07:23 pm ET

Will humans go extinct? Or will we instead evolve into divergent species? Can we stop killing each other? Perhaps old-fashioned wisdom will return and save the day.

These are just some of the compelling thoughts generated when the forward-thinking Edge Foundation recently asked scientists, authors, futurists, journalists and other offbeat thinkers the question: "What will change everything?" To refine the question, Edge further asked: "What game-changing scientific ideas and developments do you expect to live to see?"

Among the dozens of responses, from such diverse sources as Alan Alda (actor and now TV science personality) to Ian Wilmut (cloned Dolly the sheep), LiveScience picked out five, each notable for its ingenuity and ability to provoke thought.

Evolution of New Human Species
Juan Enriquez, CEO of Biotechonomy and founding director of Harvard Business School's Life Sciences Project and author of "The Untied States of America"

Be it by genetic or mechanical engineering, we humans are bound to change (if we don't simply go extinct), Enriquez figures. "99 percent of species, including all other hominids, have gone extinct. What is interesting today ... is that we are taking direct and deliberate control over the evolution of many, many species, including ourselves. ... As the branches of the tree of life, and of hominids, continue to grow and spread, many of our grandchildren will likely engineer themselves into what we would consider a new species, one with extraordinary capabilities, a homo evolutis."

Radiotelepathy
Freeman Dyson, physicist at the Institute for Advanced Studies

The futurist expects a burgeoning field of neurology to result in radiotelepathy, "the direct communication of feelings and thoughts from brain to brain. The ancient myth of telepathy, induced by occult and spooky action-at-a-distance, would be replaced by a prosaic kind of telepathy induced by physical tools." Dyson, at 85, expects his grandchildren, not himself, to witness this breakthrough.

The End of Harm
Karl Sabbagh, writer and television producer and author of "The Riemann Hypothesis"

Sabbagh speculates that there may be a discoverable pattern of brain nerve impulses that govern the aggressive behavior of rapists, murderers and anyone else who performs despicable acts of harm for pleasure of self-fullfilment. "If such a specific pattern of brain activity were detectable, could methods then be devised that prevented or disrupted it whenever it was about to arise?" Disabling such behaviors chemically or electronically would then create a world where crime would still be possible, "but robberies would be achieved with trickery rather than at the point of a pistol; gang members might attack each other with insults and taunts rather than razors or coshes; governments might play chess to decide on tricky border issues."

Rebirth of Wisdom
Roger C. Schank, psychologist and computer scientist at Engines for Education Inc. and author of "Making Minds Less Well Educated Than Our Own"

In the old days, wise elders shared wisdom through stories. The practice is largely lost because "the experts are not likely to be in the next cave over" and nowadays there is a lot more to have expertise about, Schank points out. But a new era is dawning, with the help of computers, that will lead to a day when "information will find you, and just in the nick of time. ... The computer has to know what you are trying to accomplish, not what words you just typed, and it needs to have an enormous archive of stories to tell you."

The End of Analytic Science
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, psychologist at Claremont Graduate University and author of "Flow"

Scientific research without consideration of consequences should end, Csikszentmihalyi thinks: "Western science has achieved wonders with its analytic focus, but it is now time to take synthesis seriously. We shall realize that science cannot be value-free after all. The Doomsday Clock ticking on the cover of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists ever closer to midnight is just one reminder that knowledge ignorant of consequences is foolishness.

Pollution, bees, honey, human food...

Air Pollution May be to Blame for Honeybee Population Collapse

Friday, October 17, 2008 by: David Gutierrez
http://www.naturalnews.com/024519.html


Air pollution is making it harder for bees and other pollinating insects to find food, according to a new study conducted by researchers from the University of Virginia.

Pollutants such as ozone (smog) and nitrate radicals, formed mostly as a consequence of car exhaust, are binding with the volatile scent molecules given off by flowers, the scientists found. This chemically alters the molecules so that they no longer carry a sweet scent, and do not attract pollinating insects to plants.

"Scent molecules produced by flowers in a less polluted environment could travel for roughly 1,000 to 1,200 meters," said lead researcher Jose Fuentes. "But today they may travel only 200 to 300 meters. This makes it increasingly difficult for bees and other insects to locate the flowers."

Pollinating insects like bees feed on the nectar from flowering plants. Thus air pollution is having a direct impact on these insects by making it harder for them to find food. Since a plant that is not pollinated cannot reproduce, pollution also leads to an overall reduction in the number of these plants, the researchers said, so that there is even less food available for the insects.

Populations of bees and other pollinating insects have drastically declined in many parts of the world - most dramatically in the United States, where up to 25 percent of honeybee colonies have been lost to colony collapse disorder.

Colony collapse disorder describes the still-unexplained desertion of a hive by its bees.

The researchers suggested that a difficulty finding food due to air pollution may be partially responsible for the decline in bee populations. Because insects rely heavily on scents for a variety of functions, the scientists expressed concerns that pollution might also be hampering mate attraction and defense against predators.

Honeybees are the primary pollinators for 80 percent of the world's food crops.

Sources for this story include: www.independent.co.uk.

Protective shield of the sun is shrinking

Protective shield of the sun is shrinking

October 20, 2008
http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/protectiv...4351057111.html


LONDON: The protective bubble around the sun that helps to shield the Earth from harmful interstellar radiation is shrinking and getting weaker, NASA scientists have discovered.

New data from the Ulysses deep-space probe show that the heliosphere, the protective shield of energy that surrounds our solar system, has weakened by 25 per cent over the past decade and is now at it lowest level since the space race began 50 years ago.

Scientists, baffled at what could be causing the barrier to shrink in this way, were set to launch a mission overnight to study the heliosphere.

The Interstellar Boundary Explorer, or Ibex, will orbit 240,000 kilometres above the Earth and "listen" for the shock wave that forms as our solar system meets interstellar radiation.

Dr Nathan Schwadron, a co-investigator on the Ibex mission at Boston University, said: "There is a very high-energy galactic radiation that is dangerous to living things.

"Around 90 per cent of [it] is deflected by our heliosphere, so the boundary protects us from this harsh galactic environment."

The heliosphere is created by the solar wind meeting the intergalactic gas that fills the gaps in space between solar systems. Where they meet, a shock wave is formed that deflects interstellar radiation away from the solar system as it travels through the galaxy. The scientists hope Ibex will enable them to better understand what happens at this boundary.

If the heliosphere continues to weaken, it is feared intergalactic cosmic radiation reaching Earth will increase, disrupting electrical equipment, damaging satellites and potentially harming life.

Motto-ul zilei

"Dragostea te face blind, Remuscarile te fac uman, Esecurile te fac umil, Succesul te face stralucitor, Dumnezeu te face sa continui. "


Mahatma Gandhi

Love makes you kind, Regrets make you human, Failures make you humble, Success make you shining, God makes you go on forward.

Mahatma Gandhi

News alert !

A solar wind stream should reach Earth on Sept. 3rd
Weather, people moods, economy,finances, the holistic overview of the Celstial events on Earth facts
Everything is in Harmony, in the Sky and on Earth( Universal law)

EMERGING MOON: Tonight, August 30th, at 11:13 p.m. EDT (8:13 pm PDT), Jupiter's moon Io will pop out of Jupiter's shadow a smidgen to the east of the giant planet. This is your chance to watch an alien world materialize in the darkness

The 13th zodiac sign

Astrological Attributes of Ophiuchus

The 13th Sign of the Zodiac



http://aquarianmysteries.com/ophiuchus2.html


The constellation, Ophiuchus, has been known since ancient times, and is better known as Serpentarius, the Serpent Holder. It is included in the list of 48 constellations described by Ptolemy. Ophiuchus is depicted as a man handling a serpent; his body dividing the large snake into two parts, giving way to the symbol used today as an Asclepius - the medical staff. Astrologers have not included Ophiuchus in the wheel of Astrological signs because the Sun spends only about nineteen days in this 13th sign of the Mazzaroth. Not that there wasn't a 13th sign in the Heavens, but as far as Astrologers were concerned, the Sun traveled from the constellation 'Scorpius' and then proceeded directly into the sign of Sagittarius. In reality, this was not the case. The Sun, for 19 days of the year, travels through the star constellation 'Ophiuchus' before entering Sagittarius from Scorpius - see chart below. thus The sign of Ophiuchus is patterned after the original 'Serpent Holder', Enki, a Sumerian god.

The signs of the Zodiac are for the most part, the highway, or path on which the Sun takes it's yearly journey across the heavens - as it would appear to Earthlings. These signs are actually star constellations occupying space in which the Sun appears to travels in an earth year. The original twelve signs/constellations: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces are quite familiar to everyone, however, the thirteenth sign and constellation, [Ophiuchus], is in fact, not well known. To acknowledge a 13th sign now would seem awkward for astrologers, who like the tidiness of 12 signs that rule over the 12 houses of the Zodiac. The heavens are alive and they do change after a few thousand years and the astrologer who wants to maintain accuracy must change along with the signs in the heavens.

The constellation of Ophiuchus is the only sign of the Zodiac which is linked to a real man. This man lived in ancient Egypt around the 27th century BCE, and his name was Imhotep [again patterned after Enki]. Many of the same attributes of Imhotep can also be found in the Biblical Hebrew man Joseph, son of Jacob - [see comparison chart for these two men in separate article]. Imhotep is credited with many accomplishments including the knowledge and use of medicine. It is said of Imhotep that he brought the art of healing to mankind. The symbol of a serpent [or snake], which is still widely used today to represent the medical profession, was used to represent Imhotep. Imhotep was also known as 'Aesclepius' to the ancient Greeks, but by any name the attributes are still all the same. The attributes listed below describe the Serpent Holder, Imhotep, i.e. the Hebrew Joseph, and Aesclepius. The keyword descriptions seen below, originated with Betty Rhodes, and are the attributes for the 13th sign of the Zodiac - Ophiuchus:


LIST OF KEY WORDS DESCRIBING THE SIGN OF OPHIUCHUS

interpreter of dreams, vivid premonitions,
attracts good luck and fruitful blessings,
serpent holder, lofty ideals,
a seeker of peace and harmony,
doctor of medicine or science, natural-pathic,
adds, increases, joins, or gathers together
poetical, inventive nature, expanding qualities,
seeks higher education and wisdom,
overseer, supervisor of work,
fame - either grand, or completely misunderstood,
longevity, aspirations of healing the ills of man,
architect, builder, reaches for the stars, figuratively and literally,
tax assessor, or levys taxes,
astrological talents, intuitive,
large family indicated, but apt to be separated from them when young,
the number twelve holds great significance,
foresight and good fortune to benefit from hard times,
has secret enemies in family or close associations,
many jealous of this subject,
notable father, apple of father's eye when young,
high position in life expected [depending on aspects] highest fame and legend comes after death
feelings of granular, wise, genius mentality,
likes to wear clothing of vibrant colors, and plaids in particular,
receives the favor of those in authority.

ACTUAL TRUE ZODIAC

ARIES = APRIL 19 - MAY 13
TAURUS = MAY 14 - JUNE 19
GEMINI = JUNE 20 - JULY 20
CANCER = JULY 21 - AUG 9
LEO = AUGUST 10 - SEPTEMBER 15
VIRGO = SEPTEMBER 16 - OCTOBER 30
LIBRA = OCTOBER 31 - NOVEMBER 22
SCORPIO = NOVEMBER 23 - NOVEMBER 29
OPHIUCHUS = NOVEMBER 30 - DECEMBER 17
SAGITTARIUS = DECEMBER 18 - JANUARY 18
CAPRICORN = JANUARY 19 - FEBRUARY 15
AQUARIUS = FEBRUARY 16 - MARCH 11
PISCES = MARCH 12 - APRIL 18



Of the sign Ophiuchus:

"Thou shalt be over my house, and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will I be greater than thou. And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt. And Pharaoh said unto Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt." GEN 41:40-44

Caduceus vs the Staff of Asclepius



The Caduceus [above] depicts two entwined snakes set upon a rod, and was the ancient symbol of Hermes, the Greek god of merchants. Today, it is a common and popular symbol of the medical and allied professions.

Asclepius (an ancient greek physician who was deified as the god of medicine) is traditionally depicted as a bearded man wearing a robe that leaves his chest uncovered and holding a staff with his sacred single serpent coiled around it symbolizing renewal of youth as the serpent casts off its skin. The single serpent staff also appears on a Sumerian vase of c. 2000 B.C. representing the healing god Ningishita, the prototype of the Greek Asklepios.

The probable medical origin of the single serpent around a rod: In ancient times infection by parasitic worms was common. The filarial worm Dracunculus medinensis aka "the fiery serpent", aka "the dragon of Medina" aka "the guinea worm" crawled around the victim's body, just under the skin. Physicians treated this infection by cutting a slit in the patient's skin, just in front of the worm's path. As the worm crawled out the cut, the physician carefully wound the pest around a stick until the entire animal had been removed. It is believed that because this type of infection was so common, physicians advertised their services by displaying a sign with the worm on a stick.



Ophiuchus, the Snake Charmer

http://www.eastbayastro.org/articles/lore/ophiuchus.htm

is the thirteenth of the twelve constellations of the Zodiac. It is the forgotten constellation, perhaps, for the Sun actually spends more time before the stars of Ophiuchus (19 days) than it does in neighboring Scorpius (6 days). Also, the stars in this area of the sky are less than magnificent. There are only four stars that exceed a rating of magnitude three. Alpha, Ras Alhague, is a magnitude 2.1 star somewhat less than midway on the line from Vega toward Antares. Eta Ophiuchi, Zeta, and Beta follow at 2.6, 2.7 and 2.9 magnitude. These stars can be found above Scorpius and below the stars of Hercules. Aquila is to the east. The center of the constellation crosses the meridian at about eleven p.m. in early July.

For binocular viewing there are six star clusters in this area of the sky, all with Messier numbers: 9, 10, 12, 14, 19 and 62. Another, M107, is dimmer and would require a telescope for study. Still other globular clusters exist in this region, making 22 in all.

A number of double stars are here, too, including Sabik (Eta-Ophiuchi), a pair of third-magnitude stars separated by one second. 70-Ophiuchi is another interesting multiple star, which José Olivarez has considered in his Observations column. The colors of the stars are said to be yellow and purple. This star system was discovered in 1779 by Sir William Herschel. It is part of an olden asterism made up with other stars in this region of Ophiuchus. The stars form the letter V that suggests the Hyades in Taurus, the Bull. In 1777, a Polish astronomer, Abbé Poczobut of Wilna, asked the French Academy to honor the last Polish king, King Stanislaus Poniatowski, with a constellation. The designation did not last, however, although “Poniatowski's Bull” may still be found on some star charts.

Æsculapius was an immortal man who had been schooled by the centaur Chiron in the arts of botany and medicine. So he was knowledgeable of the various herbs and plants and a student of nature. One day, it is said, he was in the house of a friend when he killed a snake. He watched in astonishment when another snake slithered into the room with a particular herb in its mouth and with it restored the slain reptile to life. Recognizing the plant, Æsculapius soon had learned to use its mystical powers to heal the sick and resurrect the dead. It is from this history and from the ability of a snake to cast off its skin and assume a new revitalization that serpents have become symbols for healing. The staff of Æsculapius, with a snake coiling about the rod, is well known in today's medicine. Unfortunately, this symbol is often confused with the caduceus of Mercury, which is a doubly-winged wand entwined by two snakes. Truly, however, the symbol of Mercury is the symbol of messengers.

Æsculapius, the first doctor, sailed on the famous voyage of the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece. Following the journey, he continued to heal the sick and to advance the practice of medicine. On the death of Orion, he was about to attempt to restore the life of this great hero when Pluto, lord of the underworld, intervened. Pluto reasoned that his realm would decline if Æsculapius were allowed to revive the dead. He appealed to his brother Jupiter to agree that death should be the ultimate end of mortal man, not to be trifled with even by the most skilled of physicians. Jupiter, king of the gods, struck Æsculapius with a thunderbolt and ended his life on Earth. But in tribute to the accomplishments and skill of the great physician, Jupiter placed him among the stars, where today he is known as Ophiuchus, the Serpent Bearer.

Antiquated star maps show a larger constellation, depicting the physician clutching the serpent that wraps about his body or shoulders. Now, however, the serpent itself is represented and is given two identities. Stars to the west are those of the head, Serpens Caput, while the tail section, Serpens Cauda, writhes eastward toward Aquila, above the shield of Scutum.

One of the most interesting objects that you can't see in Ophiuchus is the Pipe nebula. On dark, clear nights you won't see it because this absorption nebula lies in front of the spectacular Milky Way. It is one of the largest dark-cloud formations that can (cannot?) be seen from the Northern Hemisphere.



From the crisp, clear skies of the “Legendary White Mountain Star Party,” Axel Mellinger photographed the Pipe Nebula south of Theta-Ophiuchi, above the tail of Scorpius. He used a 135-mm lens and Kodak Ektapress Multispeed PJM film.
Please find a remarkable collection of Axel's work at his site: http://moore4.cchem.berkeley.edu/~axel/.
Ophiuchus, not so well known as neighboring Scorpius or Sagittarius of the Zodiac constellations, has much to draw your attention during summer evenings.
Ophiuchus, The Burning Tower, and The Doppelgänger Universe



Approximately 13,000 years ago the Atlantean's were facing almost identical trials and tribulations as we are today. Their choice: Nuclear Holocaust or human utopia. They were aligning with Ophiuchus - the lost 13th sign of the zodiac - which symbolizes alignment with the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, - and the choice of ascension for mankind. There are radioactive isotopes that look like cluster bombs in northern Scandinavia and the northeastern united states that date back to Atlantean times - and many have theorized that this was an ancient nuclear war between the Atlanteans and rival factions - which ultimately resulted in their annihilation.

Hopefully we decide to alter our Doppelgänger history - to rise above such a catastrophe and end the time loop once and for all.

When the book of time turns to blank pages - and the prophets are blocked from viewing the future - It is not written that this will be the end of all things - but a new beginning - A phoenix from the ashes - an opportunity for the human race to write a new book - and fill it's pages with all the beauty of the cosmos. Once and for all - we can claim our rightful position - on the throne of creation - as exploratory citizens of the universe.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AlJYWO_g_w

Giant Particle Accelerator Discovered In The Sky

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/...80125224810.htm


ScienceDaily (Jan. 27, 2008) — ESA’s orbiting gamma-ray observatory, Integral, has made the first unambiguous discovery of highly energetic X-rays coming from a galaxy cluster. The find has shown the cluster to be a giant particle accelerator.

The Ophiuchus galaxy cluster is one of brightest in the sky at X-ray wavelengths. The X-rays detected are too energetic to originate from quiescent hot gas inside the cluster and suggest instead that giant shockwaves must be rippling through the gas. This has turned the galaxy cluster into a giant particle accelerator.

Most of the X-rays come from hot gas in the cluster, which in the case of Ophiuchus is extremely hot, at 100 million degrees Kelvin. Four years ago, data from the Italian/ Dutch BeppoSAX satellite showed a possible extra component of high-energy X-rays in a different cluster, the Coma cluster.

“Two groups analysed the data. One group saw the component but the other did not,” says Dominique Eckert, Integral Science Data Centre (ISDC), University of Geneva, Switzerland. So Eckert and colleagues from ISDC launched an investigation into the mystery.

They turned to Integral and its five-year, all-sky survey and found that ESA’s orbiting gamma-ray observatory did show an unambiguous detection of highly energetic X-rays, coming from the Ophiuchus cluster of galaxies. These X-rays can be produced in two ways, both of which involve high-energy electrons.

The first option is that the electrons are caught in the magnetic field threading through the cluster. In this case, the electrons would spiral around the magnetic field lines, releasing synchrotron radiation in the form of X-rays.

The electrons would be extremely energetic, carrying over 100 000 times the energy of the electrons in the alternative scenario, which is that the electrons are perhaps colliding with microwaves left over from the origin of the Universe and now bathe all of space. In such collisions, the electrons lose some energy, emitted as X-rays.

Determining which of these scenarios is correct is the next job for the team. They plan to use radio telescopes to measure the magnetic field of the galaxy cluster. They also plan to use the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in Namibia. This giant telescope looks for the brief flash of light generated when highly energetic gamma rays collide with particles in Earth’s atmosphere. If HESS sees such flashes coming from Ophiuchus, then the astronomers will know that the synchrotron scenario is correct.

Either way, the electrons themselves are most likely to be accelerated to high energies by shockwaves travelling through the cluster gas. The shockwaves are set up when two clusters collide and merge. The question is how recently Ophiuchus swallowed its companion cluster.

In the synchrotron scenario, the highly energetic electrons cool very quickly. If the team find this to be the case, then the collision must still be in progress. In the case of microwave scattering, cooling takes a long time and the collision could have taken place at any time in the past.

Once the scientists know, they will be able to properly understand the history of the cluster. One thing is already certain; nature has transformed the galaxy cluster into a powerful particle accelerator, perhaps 20 times more powerful than CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which begins operation in Switzerland this summer.

“Of course the Ophiuchus cluster is somewhat bigger,” says Stéphane Paltani, a member of the ISDC team. While LHC is 27 km across, the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster is over two million light-years in diameter.”

Journal reference: 'Integral discovery of non-thermal hard X-ray emission from the Ophiuchus cluster' by D. Eckert, N. Produit, S. Paltani, A. Neronov and T. Courvoisier is to be published in a forthcoming issue of Astronomy and Astrophysics.

Adapted from materials provided by European Space Agency

Save our bees! SAVE OUR LIFE!

What’s the buzz about all our missing bees?

8:53am Friday 11th July 2008
http://www.gazette-news.co.uk/news/2390300...ur_missing_bees
By Iris Clapp »


The disappearing bees was a great Doctor Who storyline.

With the universe teetering on the abyss - courtesy, naturally, of the Daleks - and the Doctor literally lost in space, he suddenly came to the conclusion that the bees had not been disappearing at all, but fleeing the Earth because they had sensed it was time to make a swift exit.

Dig deep into the internet and similar stories abound; the bees are getting out before doomsday.

That there are fewer domestic honeybees and their feral cousins, wild bees - bumblebees - worldwide is not in dispute. The reasons why, though, are much more prosaic.

"It's the varroa mite," said Peter Inson. "It came into the UK, Australia and New Zealand about 15 years ago, probably on the bodies of live bees brought in illegally. The mite lives on the bees' body fluids and eventually kills them."

The mite attacks all bees, both domestic and wild, and can decimate hives. While beekeepers can ensure their honeybees take anti-varroa drugs via a sugary paste, bumblebees are on their own.

"But the mites are already developing a resistance," said Mr Inson, "so scientists are having to adapt the drugs. Still we have learnt a lot about how to cope with the problem facing domestic bees. Unfortunately, that is not helping the bumblebees. There are fewer feral colonies today than there were a decade ago."

Mr Inson is a beekeeper (an apiarist) and a member of Colchester Beekeepers' Association. He has seven hives in the garden of his home at East Mersea.

Each hive contains a single colony and the number of bees in the colony can be as high as 50,000 in the summer, when the bees are actively collecting pollen and making honey, to no more than 4,000 in the winter.

Mr Inson doesn't just keep bees to sell honey. He is finding he is more and more in demand from local farmers who want his domestic bees to pollinate their crops because there are fewer bumblebees. The wild bee may be more attracted to crop flowers than the honeybee (honeybees prefer nectar-rich plants) but where needs must, the honeybee will rise to the occasion.

"My bees have already pollinated bean plants," said Mr Inson, "and the farmer was so pleased he is thinking of planting borage and hiring my bees again."

It isn't only the varroa mite which has reduced bumblebee numbers. Intensive farming and a cut in the number of insect-pollinated crops (more cereal crops, fewer bean crops) have also led to decline. Three of the UK bumblebee populations are already extinct and another nine are on the endangered species list.

Brian Finnerty, spokesman for the East Anglia branch of the National Union of Farmers (NFU), said pollination by bees is worth £200 million a year to the agriculture and horticulture industries.

A further decline in bumblebee numbers could have a serious economic impact on the farming industry, which is why the Department for Food and Rural Affairs' (Defra) National Bee Unit is looking at ways to give the bumblebee a fighting chance.

"They (bumblebees) play a very important role," said Mr Finnerty. "They are the best pollinators. That is why so much effort is going into trying to reverse their decline."

Then there is the UK's intensive house-building programme, particularly in north Essex and the Thames Gateway (east and south-east London, parts of Kent and Essex - 120,000 new homes by 2016) which conservationists claim is "decimating" the bumblebees' habitat.

Ben Darvill, of the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, revealed four types of bumblebee, amongst the most endangered species in the UK, thrive on wild flowers in the Thames Gateway area.

"We recognise they are rare and yet they (the Government) still seem determined to let developers build on these sites," said Mr Darvill. "Without bumblebees you are talking about reduced crop yields and sweeping changes to the countryside."

Meanwhile, America has a more perplexing bee problem. Colonies there really are disappearing. There is even a name for it - collapsing colony disorder (CCD) - and it is getting worse.

"There is no explanation for it as yet," said Mr Inson. "The bees just abandon their hives and vanish. There is no sign of disease, no sign of anything.

"Oh, there have been theories. Climate change hasn't been dismissed, but the notion that electrical impulses from mobile phones were affecting the bees' navigation was quickly dismissed."

Which makes it all very definitely more Doctor Who than Defra.

WHY ARE BUMBLEBEES IMPORTANT?



Bumblebees work on plants with no nectar, so play a crucial role in the pollination of farm flowers and vegetables
The farming industry relies heavily on insect pollination. Few, if any, bean flowers, for example, would set pods unless they were pollinated by insects, particularly bumblebees, which the Department for Food and Rural Affairs' (Defra) National Bee Unit says are the most efficient pollinators
Many apple, pear and plum trees rely on bumblebees for good harvests.
BUMBLEBEES AT RISK

Britain and Ireland have 25 native species of bumblebee.

Five are currently listed in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan because of their rapid decline - bombus distinguendus (great yellow bumblebee), bombus humilis (carder bumblebee); bombus ruderatus (large garden bumblebee), bombus subterraneus (short-haired bumblebee) and bombus sylvarum (shrill carder bee).